AlphaEvolve reports new small-matrix multiplication algorithms

A Gemini-powered evolutionary coding agent found a 48-multiplication construction for 4×4 complex matrices and reported progress across a wider set of mathematical problems.

Reported byAlphaEvolve team
ModelsGemini Flash, Gemini Pro
PublishedMay 14, 2025

What was reported

Google DeepMind introduced AlphaEvolve, an agent that combines proposals from Gemini Flash and Gemini Pro with automated evaluators and an evolutionary search loop.

Among the reported results is an algorithm multiplying two 4×44\times4 complex-valued matrices using 48 scalar multiplications. The system also searched more than fifty problems across mathematics and reported improvements to previously known constructions in a subset of those experiments.

Relation to the open problem

Improved constructions for fixed matrix sizes can become ingredients in asymptotic algorithms, but they do not by themselves prove that the matrix-multiplication exponent is two. The distinction between a finite construction and the asymptotic exponent is preserved in the linked problem record.

OpenTCS attributes these claims to the linked public report and does not independently verify the algorithms.

Linked open problems

Computational complexity and cryptographyAlgebraic complexity theory · Matrix multiplication exponent

Exponent of matrix multiplication

Determine whether two dense square matrices over a field can be multiplied using essentially quadratic arithmetic operations.

StatusOpen; the best proved exponent is above the information-theoretic lower bound of two
Sources1
Updated
Open record Pack v4

Organizer

Boyuan Wang portraitBoyuan Wang
Minghan Wang portraitMinghan Wang
Bochao Li portraitBochao Li